Il sacro sotto lo sguardo della ragione. La religione razionale pura kantiana

Abstract

Kant, a man of pure and simple reason, but not simply a rationalist cold. Despite having indicated the limits within which man must maintain his cognitive thirst and despite having defined the lawfulness of acting in the collective sphere, Kant does not believe that he has satisfied the indigence of a reason that necessarily projects man towards the sphere of the supersensible. So we need a reflection that focuses on religion. Thus Kant frames a religion that develops within the limits of pure reason. It seems a contradiction to talk about religion within the limits of reason, but the Kantian intent is clear: one must find a religion that can be considered plausible by every man, a religion that is universal in short; and indeed universality is built only with the transcendental faculty: reason. All Kantian religious discourse is related to morality; it is in fact through the incontrovertible presence of the moral law in itself that man feels himself as a creature that derives and is destined for the supersensible sphere. However, this link with the moral sphere does not make religious inquiry become an existential investigation; in the Kantian writings, however, controversial theoretical questions related to the field of religion emerge. All the reflection on religion develops from an ambivalent position with respect to what transcends reason: on the one hand, the impossibility of judgment; on the other, the irremediable tension towards an intelligible sphere that is rationally disclosed, that is not known, but that, through a hermeneutical approach, can help to reveal the otherness to which man does not know how to give a name