Abstract
The paper investigates how small family firms that are embedded in traditional industries and closed context adopt innovation. Building on the embeddedness construct and analyzing two exemplary cases of small bakeries, a model is proposed to highlight the role that local legitimization and target market play in innovation strategies. Findings contribute to academic and practitioners, showing interesting insights.
References
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Alvesson, M., & Sandberg, J. (2011). Generating research questions through problematization. Academy of management review, 36(2), 247-271.
Behrens, J., & Patzelt, H. (2016). Corporate Entrepreneurship Managers' Project Terminations: Integrating Portfolio‐Level, Individual‐Level, and Firm‐Level Effects. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 40(4), 815-842.
Berglund, K., Gaddefors, J., & Lindgren, M. (2016). Provoking identities: entrepreneurship and emerging identity positions in rural development. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 28(1-2), 76-96.
Bird, M., & Wennberg, K. (2014). Regional influences on the prevalence of family versus non-family start-ups. Journal of business venturing, 29(3), 421-436.
Boschma, R. (2005). Proximity and innovation: a critical assessment. Regional studies, 39(1), 61-74.
Bouette, M., & Magee, F. (2015). Hobbyists, artisans and entrepreneurs: Investigating business support and identifying entrepreneurial profiles in the Irish craft sector. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 22(2), 337-351.
Bradley, S. W. (2015). Entrepreneurial Resourcefulness. In C. L. Cooper, M. H. Morris, & Kuratko D. F. (Eds.), Wiley Encyclopedia of Management (pp. 1-3).
Cassia, L., De Massis, A., & Pizzurno, E. (2012). Strategic innovation and new product development in family firms: An empirically grounded theoretical framework. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 18(2), 198-232.
Cirese, A. M. (1994). Pani tradizionali, arte effimera in Sardegna. Sassari: Editrice Democratica Sarda.
Cope, J. (2005). Researching entrepreneurship through phenomenological inquiry: Philosophical and methodological issues. International Small Business Journal, 23(2), 163-189.
Czarniawska, B. (1997a). Narrating the organization: Dramas of institutional identity. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Czarniawska, B. (1997b). A narrative approach to organization studies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Dacin, M. T., Dacin, P. A., & Kent, D. (2019). Tradition in organizations: A custodianship framework. Academy of Management Annals, 13(1), 342-373.
Dawson, A., & Hjorth, D. (2012). Advancing family business research through narrative analysis. Family business review, 25(3), 339-355.
De Cumis, M. I. (2015). La sacralità del pane in Sardegna. Sassari: Carlo Delfino Editore.
De Massis, A., Chirico, F., Kotlar, J., & Naldi, L. (2014). The Temporal Evolution of Proactiveness in Family Firms: The Horizontal S-Curve Hypothesis. Family business review, 27(1), 35-50.
De Massis, A., Frattini, F., Kotlar, J., Petruzzelli, A. M., & Wright, M. (2016). Innovation through tradition: Lessons from innovative family businesses and directions for future research. Academy of Management Perspectives, 30(1), 93-116.
De Massis, A., Wang, H., & Chua, J. H. (2019). Counterpoint: How heterogeneity among family firms influences organizational change. Journal of Change Management, 19(1), 37-44.
Diaz-Moriana, V., Clinton, E., Kammerlander, N., Lumpkin, G., & Craig, J. B. (2018). Innovation motives in family firms: A transgenerational view. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 1042258718803051.
Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Building theories from case study research. Academy of management review, 14(4), 532–550.
Eisenhardt, K. M., & Graebner, M. E. (2007). Theory building from cases: Opportunities and challenges. Academy of Management Journal, 50(1), 25–32.
Erdogan, I., Rondi, E., & De Massis, A. (2019). Managing the tradition and innovation paradox in family firms: A family imprinting perspective. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 1042258719839712.
Fiese, B. H., Tomcho, T. J., Douglas, M., Josephs, K., Poltrock, S., & Baker, T. (2002). A review of 50 years of research on naturally occurring family routines and rituals: Cause for celebration? Journal of family psychology, 16(4), 381.
Gartner, W. B. (2007). Entrepreneurial narrative and a science of the imagination. Journal of business venturing, 22(5), 613-627.
Granovetter, M. S. (1985). Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness. The American Journal of Sociology, 91(3), 481–510.
Hage, J. T. (1999). Organizational innovation and organizational change. Annual Review of Sociology, 597-622.
Hamilton, E. (2006a). Narratives of enterprise as epic tragedy. Management Decision, 44(4), 536-550.
Hamilton, E. (2006b). Whose story is it anyway? Narrative accounts of the role of women in founding and establishing family businesses. International Small Business Journal, 24(3), 253-271.
Hayton, J. C., George, G., & Zahra, S. A. (2002). National culture and entrepreneurship: A review of behavioral research. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 26(4), 33-52.
Hjorth, D., & Steyaert, C. (2004). The prosaic of entrepreneurship. In D.
Hjorth & C. Steyaert (Eds.), Narrative and Discursive Approaches in Entrepreneurship (pp. (8-21). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
Howorth, C., Rose, M., & Hamilton, E. J. T. O. H. o. E. (2006). Definitions, diversity and development: Key debates in family business research. In M. Casson (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Entrepreneurship (pp. 225-247). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ingram, A. E., Lewis, M. W., Barton, S., & Gartner, W. B. (2016). Paradoxes and innovation in family firms: The role of paradoxical thinking. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 40(1), 161-176.
Jaskiewicz, P., Combs, J. G., & Rau, S. B. (2015). Entrepreneurial legacy: Toward a theory of how some family firms nurture transgenerational entrepreneurship. Journal of business venturing, 30(1), 29-49.
Jick, T. D. (1979). Mixing qualitative and quantitative methods: Triangulation in action. Administrative science quarterly, 24, 602–611.
Joardar, A., & Wu, S. (2011). Examining the dual forces of individual entrepreneurial orientation and liability of foreignness on international entrepreneurs. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences/Revue Canadienne des Sciences de l'Administration, 28(3), 328-340.
Johansson, A. W. (2004). Narrating the entrepreneur. International Small Business Journal, 22(3), 273-293.
Jonsen, K., & Jehn, K. A. (2009). Using triangulation to validate themes in qualitative studies. Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management: An International Journal, 4(2), 123–150.
Kammerlander, N., Dessì, C., Bird, M., Floris, M., & Murru, A. (2015). The Impact of Shared Stories on Family Firm Innovation A Multicase Study. Family business review, 28(4), 332-354.
Kammerlander, N., & Ganter, M. (2015). An attention‐based view of family firm adaptation to discontinuous technological change: Exploring the role of family CEOs' noneconomic goals. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 32(3), 361-383.
König, A., Kammerlander, N., & Enders, A. (2013). The family innovator’s dilemma: how family influence affects the adoption of discontinuous technologies by incumbent firms. Academy of management review, 38(3), 418–441.
Kuhn, K. M., & Galloway, T. L. (2015). With a little help from my competitors: Peer networking among artisan entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 39(3), 571-600.
Labaki, R., Bernhard, F., & Cailluet, L. (2019). The strategic use of historical narratives in the family business. In E. Memili & C. Dibrell (Eds.), The Palgrave handbook of heterogeneity among family firms (pp. 531-553). Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.
Larty, J., & Hamilton, E. (2011). Structural approaches to narrative analysis in entrepreneurship research: Exemplars from two researchers. International Small Business Journal, 29(3), 220-237.
Letaifa, S. B., & Rabeau, Y. (2013). Too close to collaborate? How geographic proximity could impede entrepreneurship and innovation. Journal of Business Research, 66(10), 2071-2078.
Litz, R. A. (1997). The family firm's exclusion from business school research: Explaining the void; addressing the opportunity. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 21(3), 55-71.
Llach, J., & Nordqvist, M. (2010). Innovation in family and non-family businesses: A resource perspective. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing, 2(3-4), 381-399.
Lyotard, J.-F. (1984). The postmodern condition: A report on knowledge (Vol. 10). Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press.
Mayring, P. (2008). Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse (10 ed.). Weinheim, Germany: Julius Beltz.
McCollom, M. (1990). Problems and prospects in clinical research on family firms. Family business review, 3(3), 245-262.
Müller, S., & Korsgaard, S. (2018). Resources and bridging: the role of spatial context in rural entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 30(1-2), 224-255.
Nooteboom, B., Van Haverbeke, W., Duysters, G., Gilsing, V., & Van den Oord, A. (2007). Optimal cognitive distance and absorptive capacity. Research policy, 36(7), 1016-1034.
Pani, B., & Piras, G. (2004). Saludi e Trigu. Il pane e le sue sfumature. Sandhi Editore. Ortacesus, Cagliari: Sandhi Editore.
Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methods. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Pittino, D., & Visintin, F. (2009). Innovation and strategic types of family smes: a test and extension of Miles and Snow's configurational model. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 17(03), 257-295.
Powell, E. E., & Baker, T. (2014). It's what you make of it: Founder identity and enacting strategic responses to adversity. Academy of Management Journal, 57(5), 1406-1433.
Pret, T., & Cogan, A. (2018). Artisan entrepreneurship: a systematic literature review and research agenda. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-03-2018-0178
Ramadani, V., Hisrich, R. D., Dana, L.-P., Palalic, R., & Panthi, L. (2017). Beekeeping as a family artisan entrepreneurship business. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research.
doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-07-2017-0245
Rogers, E. M. (1995). Diffusion of Innovations: modifications of a model for telecommunications. In M. W. Stoetzer & A. Mahler (Eds.), Die Diffusion von Innovationen in der Telekommunikation. Heidelberg/New York, NY: Springer.
Sciascia, S., Mazzola, P., & Chirico, F. (2013). Generational involvement in the top management team of family firms: Exploring nonlinear effects on entrepreneurial orientation. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 37(1), 69-85.
Sciascia, S., Nordqvist, M., Mazzola, P., & De Massis, A. (2015). Family ownership and R&D intensity in small‐and medium‐sized firms. Journal of product innovation management, 32(3), 349-360.
Sharma, P., & Manikutty, S. (2005). Strategic divestments in family firms: Role of family structure and community culture. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 29(3), 293–311.
Stinchcombe, A. L. (1965). Social structures and organizations. In J. G. March (Ed.), Handbook of Organizations. Chicago, MI: Rand McNally.
Suddaby, R., Bruton, G. D., & Si, S. X. (2015). Entrepreneurship through a qualitative lens: Insights on the construction and/or discovery of entrepreneurial opportunity. Journal of business venturing, 30(1), 1-10.
Ucbasaran, D., Westhead, P., & Wright, M. (2001). The focus of entrepreneurial research: contextual and process issues. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 25(4), 57-80.
Upton, N., Teal, E. J., & Felan, J. T. (2001). Strategic and business planning practices of fast growth family firms. Journal of small business management, 39(1), 60-72.
Uzzi, B. (1997). Social structure and competition in interfirm networks: The paradox of embeddedness. Administrative science quarterly, 42(1), 35-67.
Wallace, C. (2002). Household strategies: their conceptual relevance and analytical scope in social research. Sociology, 36(2), 275-292.
Welter, F., Baker, T., Audretsch, D. B., & Gartner, W. B. (2017). Everyday entrepreneurship—a call for entrepreneurship research to embrace entrepreneurial diversity: SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA.
Wiklund, J. (1998). Small firm growth and performance: Entrepreneurship and beyond. Internationella Handelshögskolan.
Yin, R. K. (1994). Case study research (3 ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Yin, R. K. (2008). Case study research (4 ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Zahra, S. A. (1991). Predictors and financial outcomes of corporate entrepreneurship: An exploratory study. Journal of business venturing, 6(4), 259-285.
Zahra, S. A. (2012). Organizational learning and entrepreneurship in family firms: Exploring the moderating effect of ownership and cohesion. Small Business Economics, 38(1), 51-65.
Zahra, S. A., Hayton, J. C., Neubaum, D. O., Dibrell, C., & Craig, J. (2008). Culture of family commitment and strategic flexibility: The moderating effect of stewardship. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 32(6), 1035–1054.
Zahra, S. A., & Wright, M. (2011). Entrepreneurship's next act. Academy of Management Perspectives, 25(4), 67-83.
Zucchella, A. (2006). Local cluster dynamics: trajectories of mature industrial districts between decline and multiple embeddedness. Journal of Institutional Economics, 2(1), 21-44.
Zucchella, A., Palamara, G., & Denicolai, S. (2007). The drivers of the early internationalization of the firm. Journal of world business, 42(3), 268-280.
Alvesson, M., & Sandberg, J. (2011). Generating research questions through problematization. Academy of management review, 36(2), 247-271.
Behrens, J., & Patzelt, H. (2016). Corporate Entrepreneurship Managers' Project Terminations: Integrating Portfolio‐Level, Individual‐Level, and Firm‐Level Effects. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 40(4), 815-842.
Berglund, K., Gaddefors, J., & Lindgren, M. (2016). Provoking identities: entrepreneurship and emerging identity positions in rural development. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 28(1-2), 76-96.
Bird, M., & Wennberg, K. (2014). Regional influences on the prevalence of family versus non-family start-ups. Journal of business venturing, 29(3), 421-436.
Boschma, R. (2005). Proximity and innovation: a critical assessment. Regional studies, 39(1), 61-74.
Bouette, M., & Magee, F. (2015). Hobbyists, artisans and entrepreneurs: Investigating business support and identifying entrepreneurial profiles in the Irish craft sector. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 22(2), 337-351.
Bradley, S. W. (2015). Entrepreneurial Resourcefulness. In C. L. Cooper, M. H. Morris, & Kuratko D. F. (Eds.), Wiley Encyclopedia of Management (pp. 1-3).
Cassia, L., De Massis, A., & Pizzurno, E. (2012). Strategic innovation and new product development in family firms: An empirically grounded theoretical framework. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 18(2), 198-232.
Cirese, A. M. (1994). Pani tradizionali, arte effimera in Sardegna. Sassari: Editrice Democratica Sarda.
Cope, J. (2005). Researching entrepreneurship through phenomenological inquiry: Philosophical and methodological issues. International Small Business Journal, 23(2), 163-189.
Czarniawska, B. (1997a). Narrating the organization: Dramas of institutional identity. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Czarniawska, B. (1997b). A narrative approach to organization studies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Dacin, M. T., Dacin, P. A., & Kent, D. (2019). Tradition in organizations: A custodianship framework. Academy of Management Annals, 13(1), 342-373.
Dawson, A., & Hjorth, D. (2012). Advancing family business research through narrative analysis. Family business review, 25(3), 339-355.
De Cumis, M. I. (2015). La sacralità del pane in Sardegna. Sassari: Carlo Delfino Editore.
De Massis, A., Chirico, F., Kotlar, J., & Naldi, L. (2014). The Temporal Evolution of Proactiveness in Family Firms: The Horizontal S-Curve Hypothesis. Family business review, 27(1), 35-50.
De Massis, A., Frattini, F., Kotlar, J., Petruzzelli, A. M., & Wright, M. (2016). Innovation through tradition: Lessons from innovative family businesses and directions for future research. Academy of Management Perspectives, 30(1), 93-116.
De Massis, A., Wang, H., & Chua, J. H. (2019). Counterpoint: How heterogeneity among family firms influences organizational change. Journal of Change Management, 19(1), 37-44.
Diaz-Moriana, V., Clinton, E., Kammerlander, N., Lumpkin, G., & Craig, J. B. (2018). Innovation motives in family firms: A transgenerational view. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 1042258718803051.
Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Building theories from case study research. Academy of management review, 14(4), 532–550.
Eisenhardt, K. M., & Graebner, M. E. (2007). Theory building from cases: Opportunities and challenges. Academy of Management Journal, 50(1), 25–32.
Erdogan, I., Rondi, E., & De Massis, A. (2019). Managing the tradition and innovation paradox in family firms: A family imprinting perspective. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 1042258719839712.
Fiese, B. H., Tomcho, T. J., Douglas, M., Josephs, K., Poltrock, S., & Baker, T. (2002). A review of 50 years of research on naturally occurring family routines and rituals: Cause for celebration? Journal of family psychology, 16(4), 381.
Gartner, W. B. (2007). Entrepreneurial narrative and a science of the imagination. Journal of business venturing, 22(5), 613-627.
Granovetter, M. S. (1985). Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness. The American Journal of Sociology, 91(3), 481–510.
Hage, J. T. (1999). Organizational innovation and organizational change. Annual Review of Sociology, 597-622.
Hamilton, E. (2006a). Narratives of enterprise as epic tragedy. Management Decision, 44(4), 536-550.
Hamilton, E. (2006b). Whose story is it anyway? Narrative accounts of the role of women in founding and establishing family businesses. International Small Business Journal, 24(3), 253-271.
Hayton, J. C., George, G., & Zahra, S. A. (2002). National culture and entrepreneurship: A review of behavioral research. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 26(4), 33-52.
Hjorth, D., & Steyaert, C. (2004). The prosaic of entrepreneurship. In D.
Hjorth & C. Steyaert (Eds.), Narrative and Discursive Approaches in Entrepreneurship (pp. (8-21). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
Howorth, C., Rose, M., & Hamilton, E. J. T. O. H. o. E. (2006). Definitions, diversity and development: Key debates in family business research. In M. Casson (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Entrepreneurship (pp. 225-247). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ingram, A. E., Lewis, M. W., Barton, S., & Gartner, W. B. (2016). Paradoxes and innovation in family firms: The role of paradoxical thinking. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 40(1), 161-176.
Jaskiewicz, P., Combs, J. G., & Rau, S. B. (2015). Entrepreneurial legacy: Toward a theory of how some family firms nurture transgenerational entrepreneurship. Journal of business venturing, 30(1), 29-49.
Jick, T. D. (1979). Mixing qualitative and quantitative methods: Triangulation in action. Administrative science quarterly, 24, 602–611.
Joardar, A., & Wu, S. (2011). Examining the dual forces of individual entrepreneurial orientation and liability of foreignness on international entrepreneurs. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences/Revue Canadienne des Sciences de l'Administration, 28(3), 328-340.
Johansson, A. W. (2004). Narrating the entrepreneur. International Small Business Journal, 22(3), 273-293.
Jonsen, K., & Jehn, K. A. (2009). Using triangulation to validate themes in qualitative studies. Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management: An International Journal, 4(2), 123–150.
Kammerlander, N., Dessì, C., Bird, M., Floris, M., & Murru, A. (2015). The Impact of Shared Stories on Family Firm Innovation A Multicase Study. Family business review, 28(4), 332-354.
Kammerlander, N., & Ganter, M. (2015). An attention‐based view of family firm adaptation to discontinuous technological change: Exploring the role of family CEOs' noneconomic goals. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 32(3), 361-383.
König, A., Kammerlander, N., & Enders, A. (2013). The family innovator’s dilemma: how family influence affects the adoption of discontinuous technologies by incumbent firms. Academy of management review, 38(3), 418–441.
Kuhn, K. M., & Galloway, T. L. (2015). With a little help from my competitors: Peer networking among artisan entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 39(3), 571-600.
Labaki, R., Bernhard, F., & Cailluet, L. (2019). The strategic use of historical narratives in the family business. In E. Memili & C. Dibrell (Eds.), The Palgrave handbook of heterogeneity among family firms (pp. 531-553). Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.
Larty, J., & Hamilton, E. (2011). Structural approaches to narrative analysis in entrepreneurship research: Exemplars from two researchers. International Small Business Journal, 29(3), 220-237.
Letaifa, S. B., & Rabeau, Y. (2013). Too close to collaborate? How geographic proximity could impede entrepreneurship and innovation. Journal of Business Research, 66(10), 2071-2078.
Litz, R. A. (1997). The family firm's exclusion from business school research: Explaining the void; addressing the opportunity. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 21(3), 55-71.
Llach, J., & Nordqvist, M. (2010). Innovation in family and non-family businesses: A resource perspective. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing, 2(3-4), 381-399.
Lyotard, J.-F. (1984). The postmodern condition: A report on knowledge (Vol. 10). Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press.
Mayring, P. (2008). Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse (10 ed.). Weinheim, Germany: Julius Beltz.
McCollom, M. (1990). Problems and prospects in clinical research on family firms. Family business review, 3(3), 245-262.
Müller, S., & Korsgaard, S. (2018). Resources and bridging: the role of spatial context in rural entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 30(1-2), 224-255.
Nooteboom, B., Van Haverbeke, W., Duysters, G., Gilsing, V., & Van den Oord, A. (2007). Optimal cognitive distance and absorptive capacity. Research policy, 36(7), 1016-1034.
Pani, B., & Piras, G. (2004). Saludi e Trigu. Il pane e le sue sfumature. Sandhi Editore. Ortacesus, Cagliari: Sandhi Editore.
Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methods. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Pittino, D., & Visintin, F. (2009). Innovation and strategic types of family smes: a test and extension of Miles and Snow's configurational model. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 17(03), 257-295.
Powell, E. E., & Baker, T. (2014). It's what you make of it: Founder identity and enacting strategic responses to adversity. Academy of Management Journal, 57(5), 1406-1433.
Pret, T., & Cogan, A. (2018). Artisan entrepreneurship: a systematic literature review and research agenda. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-03-2018-0178
Ramadani, V., Hisrich, R. D., Dana, L.-P., Palalic, R., & Panthi, L. (2017). Beekeeping as a family artisan entrepreneurship business. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research.
doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-07-2017-0245
Rogers, E. M. (1995). Diffusion of Innovations: modifications of a model for telecommunications. In M. W. Stoetzer & A. Mahler (Eds.), Die Diffusion von Innovationen in der Telekommunikation. Heidelberg/New York, NY: Springer.
Sciascia, S., Mazzola, P., & Chirico, F. (2013). Generational involvement in the top management team of family firms: Exploring nonlinear effects on entrepreneurial orientation. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 37(1), 69-85.
Sciascia, S., Nordqvist, M., Mazzola, P., & De Massis, A. (2015). Family ownership and R&D intensity in small‐and medium‐sized firms. Journal of product innovation management, 32(3), 349-360.
Sharma, P., & Manikutty, S. (2005). Strategic divestments in family firms: Role of family structure and community culture. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 29(3), 293–311.
Stinchcombe, A. L. (1965). Social structures and organizations. In J. G. March (Ed.), Handbook of Organizations. Chicago, MI: Rand McNally.
Suddaby, R., Bruton, G. D., & Si, S. X. (2015). Entrepreneurship through a qualitative lens: Insights on the construction and/or discovery of entrepreneurial opportunity. Journal of business venturing, 30(1), 1-10.
Ucbasaran, D., Westhead, P., & Wright, M. (2001). The focus of entrepreneurial research: contextual and process issues. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 25(4), 57-80.
Upton, N., Teal, E. J., & Felan, J. T. (2001). Strategic and business planning practices of fast growth family firms. Journal of small business management, 39(1), 60-72.
Uzzi, B. (1997). Social structure and competition in interfirm networks: The paradox of embeddedness. Administrative science quarterly, 42(1), 35-67.
Wallace, C. (2002). Household strategies: their conceptual relevance and analytical scope in social research. Sociology, 36(2), 275-292.
Welter, F., Baker, T., Audretsch, D. B., & Gartner, W. B. (2017). Everyday entrepreneurship—a call for entrepreneurship research to embrace entrepreneurial diversity: SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA.
Wiklund, J. (1998). Small firm growth and performance: Entrepreneurship and beyond. Internationella Handelshögskolan.
Yin, R. K. (1994). Case study research (3 ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Yin, R. K. (2008). Case study research (4 ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Zahra, S. A. (1991). Predictors and financial outcomes of corporate entrepreneurship: An exploratory study. Journal of business venturing, 6(4), 259-285.
Zahra, S. A. (2012). Organizational learning and entrepreneurship in family firms: Exploring the moderating effect of ownership and cohesion. Small Business Economics, 38(1), 51-65.
Zahra, S. A., Hayton, J. C., Neubaum, D. O., Dibrell, C., & Craig, J. (2008). Culture of family commitment and strategic flexibility: The moderating effect of stewardship. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 32(6), 1035–1054.
Zahra, S. A., & Wright, M. (2011). Entrepreneurship's next act. Academy of Management Perspectives, 25(4), 67-83.
Zucchella, A. (2006). Local cluster dynamics: trajectories of mature industrial districts between decline and multiple embeddedness. Journal of Institutional Economics, 2(1), 21-44.
Zucchella, A., Palamara, G., & Denicolai, S. (2007). The drivers of the early internationalization of the firm. Journal of world business, 42(3), 268-280.
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