Analysis of the functioning of corrupt networks in state governance: Contemporary political and legal methods of combating corruption

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyse the functioning of corrupt networks in the sphere of state governance in Kyrgyzstan and to assess contemporary methods of combating corruption applied both domestically and at the international level. The research involved a review of legislation, including the Criminal Code, the Law of the Kyrgyz Republic No. 153 “On Combating Corruption”, the Law of the Kyrgyz Republic No. 125 “On State Civil Service and Municipal Service”, the State Strategy for Combating Corruption and Eliminating its Causes in the Kyrgyz Republic for 2021-2024, and the United Nations Convention against Corruption. The findings revealed that corruption in Kyrgyzstan affects both local and central government bodies, manifesting in the forms of bribery and the misappropriation of public funds. An analysis of the effectiveness of anti-corruption measures established that, despite existing legislative initiatives such as the adoption of anti-corruption laws and the Strategy, the implementation of these measures faces challenges due to political influence and weak enforcement practices. Furthermore, the study identified that the introduction of information technologies, such as e-government and the digitalisation of public services, significantly reduces the level of corruption, particularly in the area of public procurement. The research concluded that corruption in the sphere of state governance in the Kyrgyz Republic remains a serious issue, especially in sectors such as public procurement, taxation, the judiciary, and the regulatory and licensing system. The Corruption Perceptions Index for 2023 ranked Kyrgyzstan 141st out of 185 countries, while its ranking in the Rule of Law Index was 103rd out of 142 countries, indicating a low level of trust in the judicial system and weak protection of citizens' rights. The study highlights the need to strengthen the independence of anti-corruption bodies and enhance international cooperation to facilitate the exchange of experience and technology in the fight against corruption.