The role of the state administration in ensuring the safety of the digital economy in France, Poland, Bulgaria and Kyrgyzstan

Abstract

The aim of this study was to identify the specifics and differences in approaches to digital security in the public administration systems of France, Poland, Bulgaria and Kyrgyzstan.

The theoretical research was based on a descriptive method, enabling analysis of legal regulation, institutional frameworks and strategic documents.

The study found that France has a structured digital security model based on the Digital Sovereignty Strategy. The Digital Republic Act and Law No. 2004-575, regulate user rights, digital ethics and platform responsibility. The General Data Protection Regulation and Directive on ePrivacy ensure high personal data protection, supported by institutions such as the “Commission nationale de l’informatique et des libertés” and the National Agency for Information Systems Security.

Poland prioritized strengthening cyber defence through the Act on the National Cybersecurity System and the National Cybersecurity Strategy of Poland for 2019-2024. The Cyber Shield program became a tool of direct budget investment in cyber infrastructure.

In Bulgaria, gradual development of digital services was identified under the National Program “Digital Bulgaria 2025” and the Electronic Government Act, though issues with implementation and interagency coordination were noted.

Kyrgyzstan follows a transformation model with strong digital inclusion, implemented via the Concept of Digital Transformation for 2024-2028, the “Tunduk” platform, and activities of the State Institution “Kizmat”.

Overall, the results showed that France and Poland prioritize preventive regulation and strategic planning, while Bulgaria and Kyrgyzstan emphasize expanding access to digital services.

The practical significance of the study lies in substantiating the directions of harmonization of digital policy.