To Be and to Appear Impartial: A Guarantee of Different Values

Abstract

This article examines the dual nature of judicial impartiality: being impartial, as a guarantee of just decision-making, and appearing impartial, as a foundation for public trust in the justice system. The author distinguishes the different values each aspect protects and highlights the dangers of their confusion or political misuse. Defending an independent judiciary means safeguarding a constitutional order where the administration of justice remains distinct from governmental agendas.