Abstract
Medieval philosophy developed in a geographical context characterized by the coexistence of the three great monotheistic religions: Judaism, Christianity and, from the seventh century, Islam. The diverse Christian world found itself confronted, throughout the Middle Ages, with religious diversity both within and outside its borders and more generally, forced to rethink the entire classical tradition precisely under the pressure of questions posed by the three great monotheistic religions. This contribution aims to rethink these issues in the light of the philosophical tradition and its contemporary orientations, analyzing and enhancing the effort to found an interreligious dialogue on the strength of reason, comparing two fundamental texts by Christian authors who had, on the one hand, the intent to defend and spread the Christian religion and on the other to systematically structure the foundations for peaceful coexistence: Pietro Abelardo (1079-1142) with his "Dialogue between a philosopher, a Jew and a Christian" and Ramon Llull (1232 - 1316) with "The book of the Gentile and the three wise men". It would be a short-sighted and misleading historiographical error to think that interreligious dialogue is the prerogative of modernity: its deeper understanding can only take place by retracing its history backwards.
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