A Study of the Influence of Entrepreneurial Orientation on the Business Performance of Auto Artisans Firms within Lagos State Metropolis in Nigeria

Authors

  • Ajao Ganiyu Rahim University of Lagos, Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14276/2285-0430.2286

Abstract

This study investigates the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and business performance of small scale auto artisans within Lagos state metropolis. Descriptive survey research design was adopted using quantitative research approach. Questionnaire was used to elicit information from the respondents selected through multistage sampling technique. Descriptive statistics were used to present a snap view of the data collected, while correlation, regression analysis and ANOVA were used to test the hypotheses. Results of the analysis established that all the entrepreneurial orientation dimensions (innovativeness, risk taking, proactiveness, competitive aggressiveness, and autonomy) are significantly related to one another and business performance. Also all the entrepreneurial orientation dimensions individually and jointly significantly predicted and influenced business performance. Findings of the study also revealed that the degree of entrepreneurial orientation is related to the year/period the business has been in operation. The study concluded that the competitive nature of contemporary business environment, require that firms are highly entrepreneurial-oriented to succeed. The study recommended that small scale entrepreneurs should develop capability that will foster entrepreneurial orientation so as to build a formidable learning and adaptive organization.

 

Key words: Innovativeness; Risk taking; Proactiveness; Competitive aggressiveness; Autonomy; Small scale artisans; Business performance.

 

Author Biography

Ajao Ganiyu Rahim, University of Lagos, Nigeria

Full Professor, Department of Economics, Society and Politics (DESP)

References

Akabueze, B. (2002). Financing small and medium enterprises (SMEs):The Small and Medium Indusries Equity Investment Scheme (SMIEIS) Option. Lagos. Nigeria.

Aktan, B., & Bulut, C. (2008). Financial performance impacts of corporate entrepreneurship in emerging markets: A case of Turkey. European Journal of Economic, Finance and Administrative Sciences, 12, 69-79.

Al-Swidi, A.K., & Al-Hosam, A. (2012). The effect of entrepreneurial orientation on the organisational performance: A study on the Islamic Banks in Yemen using the partial least squares approach: Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, (OMAN chapter) 2(1)73-84.

Ambad, S.N.A., & Wahab, K.A. (2013). Entrepreneurial orientation among large firms in Malaysia: Contingent effects of hostile environments. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 4(16), 96-107.

Amin, M. (2015). The effect of entrepreneurship orientation and learning orientation on SMEs' performance: An SEM-PLS approach. Journal of International Business and Entrepreneurship Development, 2015, 215-230.

Amron, A., & Mahmud, D.M. (2015). Determinants of corporate performance: A study of furniture companies in Jepara Indonesia. International of Economic Behaviour, 5(1), 3-14.

Antony, J.P., & Bhattacharyya, S. (2010). Measuring organisational performance and organisational excellence of SMEs-part 2: An empirical study on SMEs in India. Measuring Business Excellence, 43(3), 42-52.

Arief, M., Thoyib, A., & Sudiro, A. (2013). The effect of entrepreneurial orientation on the firm performance through strategic flexibility: A study on SMEs cluster in Malang. Journal of Management Research, 5(3), 44-62.

Arisi-Nwugballa, E.A., Elom, M.E., & Onyeizugbe, C.U. (2016). Evaluating the relevance of entrepreneurial orientation to the performance of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 6(3), 221–230

Arunma, O. (2009). The role of entrepreneurship in transforming the Nigerian economy. 7th Convocation lecture of Igbinedion University, Okada Lagos, Benin City, Edo State.

Baird, I.S., & Thomas, H. (1985). Toward a contingency model of strategic risk taking. Academy of Management Review, 230-243.

Baker, H.A., Mahmood, R., & Ismail, N.N.H.N. (2015). Fostering small and medium enterprises through entrepreneurial orientation and strategic improvisation. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 2015, 481-487.

Baporikar, N. (2013). Entrepreneurship and small industry: Theory and practice (2nd revised edition). Mumbai: Himalaya Publishing House.

Baron, R.A. (2007). Behavioral and cognitive factors in entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurs as the active element in new venture creation, Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 1, 167-182

Carree, M.A., & Thurik, A.R. (2003). The impact of entrepreneurship on economic growth, in: Z.J. Acs and D.B. Audretsch (eds.), Handbook of entrepreneurship research, Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 437-471.

Chell, E. (2008). The entrepreneurial personality: A social construction (2nd ed.). London: Routledge.

Cioppi, M., Musso. F., Pencarelli, T., & Savelli, E. (2014). Economic crisis and SMES’ behavior: An Analysis on the Future Sector in Italy. International of Economic Behaviour, 4(1), 115-126.

Civelek, M., Rahman, A., & Kozubikova, L. (2016). Entrepreneurial orientation in the segment of Micro-Enterprises: evidence from Czech Republic. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Knowledge, 2016, 72-89.

Combs, J.G., Crook, T.R., & Shook, C.L. (2005). The dimensionality of organizational performance and its implications for strategic management research. In D. J. Ketchen & D. D. Bergh (Eds.), Research methodology in strategic management. (pp. 259-286). San Diego, CA: Elsevier.

Conner, K.R. (1991). A historical comparison of resource-based theory and five schools of thought within industrial organization economics: do we have a new theory of firms? Journal of Management, 17(1), 121-154.

Covin, J.G., & Lumpkin, G.T. (2011). Entrepreneurial orientation theory and research: Reflections on a needed construct. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35(5), 855-872

Covin, J.G., & Slevin, D.P. (1986). The development and testing of an organizational-level entrepreneurship scale. In R. Ronstadt, J. A. Hornaday, R. Peterson, & K. H. Vesper (Eds.), Frontiers of entrepreneurship research - 1986 (pp. 628-639). Wellesley, MA: Babson College.

Covin, J.G., & Wales, W.J. (2012). The measurement of entrepreneurial orientation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(4), 677-702.

Dandago, K.I., & Muhammad, Y. M. (2014). Entrepreneurship development programmes and facilitation of youth employment in Kano State, Nigeria. European Journal of Academic Research, 2(1), 17-30.

Del Baldo, M., & Aureli, S. (2012). Networks’ contribution to small-sized firms’ internationalization. International of Economic Behaviour 2(1), 47-66.

Dess, G., Lumpkin, T., & McFarlin, D. (2005). The role of entrepreneurial orientation in stimulating effective corporate entrepreneurship. Academy of Management Executive, 147-156.

Dimitratos, P., Lioukas, S., & Carter, S. (2004). The relationship between entrepreneurship and international performance: The importance of domestic environment. International Business Review, 13, 19-41.

Drucker, P.F. (1985). Entrepreneurial strategies, innovation and entrepreneurship practice and principles. New York: Harper & Row.

George, G., Wood, D.R. Jr, & Khan, R. (2001). Networking strategy of boards: Implications for small and medium-sized enterprises. Entrepreneurship-and-Regional- Development, 13(3), 269-285.

Ghavidel, S., Farjadi, G., & Mohammadpour, A. (2011). The relationship between entrepreneurship and unemployment in developed and developing countries. International of Economic Behaviour, 1(1), 71-78.

Godden, W. (2004). Sample size formulas. Retrieved August 12 2016, from http://williamgodden.com/samplesizeformula.pdf.

Gregory, J.D. (2001). The meaning of “social entrepreneurship”. Retrieved May 14 2017, from https://entrepreneurship.duke.edu/news-item/the-meaning-of-social-entrepreneurship/

Hair, J.F., Money, A., Page, M., & Samouel, P. (2007). Research methods for business. England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Hassan D.Y., Maina, M.G., & Mahammad, U.U. (2016). The role of Micro Small and Medium Enterprises in the economic development of Nigeria. International Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship Research, 4(3), 33-47.

Hermann, F., Alexander, K., & Matthias, F. (2010). Entrepreneurial orientation and business performance – A replication study. SBR 62 April, 2010, 175-198

Hughes, M., & Morgan, R.E. (2007). Deconstructing the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and business performance at the embryonic stage of firm growth. Industrial Market Management, 36(5), 651-661.

Inkeles, A., & Smith, D.H. (1974). Becoming modern: Individual change in six developing countries. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.

Jocelyn, D.B. (2018). Women in Fisheries: Entrepreneurial orientation and business performance. Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 6(3), 114-122

Karaoglu, K., Bayrakdaroglu, A., & San, F.B. (2013). The impact of corporate entrepreneurship on firms’ financial performance: Evidence from Istanbul Stock Exchange firms. International Business Research, 6(1), 163-175

Kemelgor, B.H. (2002). A comparative analysis of corporate entrepreneurial orientation between selected firms in the Netherlands and the USA, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 14, 67-87.

Kirzner, I.M. (1973). Competition and entrepreneurship. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Kraus, S., Harms, R., & Schwarz, E. (2005). Entrepreneurial orientation : A psychological model of success among South African small business owners. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 1, 315-344.

Kraus, S., Rigtering, J.P.C., Hughes, M., & Hosman, V. (2012). Entrepreneurial orientation and the business performance of SMEs: A quantitative study from the Netherlands. Review of Management Science, 6(2), 161-182.

Krueger, N.F., Reilly, M.D., & Carsrud, A.L. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 15, 411-432.

Kumarpeli, K.I., & Semasinghe, D.M. (2015). The impact of entrepreneurial orientation on the growth of SMEs in Sri Lanka. International Conference on Business, Marketing and Information System Management (BMISM, 2015;1-5.

Kuratko, D.F., & Hodgetts, R.M. (2004). Entrepreneurship: A contemporary approach (6th eds.). Mason, OH: South Western.

Kuratko, D.F., Ireland, R.D., & Hornsby, J.S. (2001). Improving firm performance through entrepreneurial actions: Acordia´s corporate entrepreneurship strategy. Academy of Management Executive, 15(4), 60-71.

Kusumawardhani, A. (2013). The role of entrepreneurial orientation in firm performance: A study of Indonesian SMEs in the furniture industry in Central Java. An unpublished Ph.D thesis of the Sydney Business School, University of Wollongong; 2013.

Lee, C., Lee, K., & Pennings, J.M. (2001). Internal capabilities, external networks, and performance: A study of technology bases ventures. Strategic Management Journal, 22, 615-640.

Lukmkan, R., Moshood, A.D., Morufu, O.S., & Bolaji, C. (2016). Indigenous entrepreneurs and battle for competitive edge with Multinational Corporation in Nigeria. International of Economic Behaviour, 6(1), 85-96.

Lumpkin, G.T., & Dess, G.G. (1996). Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance. Academy of Management Review 21, 135-172.

Lumpkin, G.T., & Dess, G.G. (2001). Linking two dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation to firm performance: The moderating role of environment and industry life cycle. Journal of Business Venturing, 16, 429-451.

Lyon, D., Lumpkin, G.T., & Dess, G.G. (2000). Enhancing entrepreneurial orientation research: Operationalizing and measuring a key strategic decision making process. Journal of Management, 1055-1085.

Matchaba-Hove, T.M., & Vambe, A.K. (2014). Entrepreneurial orientation and performance of Small Businesses in the Retail Sector in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Journal of Marketing and Management, 2014, 12-39.

McGuinness, T. (2008). Dynamic capabilities for entrepreneurship and innovation in marketing-driven organizations. The seventh international congress: Marketing trends, Venice, 1-18.

Messersmith, J.G., & Wales, W.J. (2013). Entrepreneurial orientation and performance in young firms: The role of human resource management. International Small Business Journal, 31(2), 115-136

Miller, D. (1983). The correlates of entrepreneurship in three types of firms. Management Science, 29(7), 770-791.

Muthee-Mwangi, A.M., & Ngugi, K. (2014). Influence of entrepreneurial orientation on growth of Micro and Small Enterprises in Kerugoya, Kenya. European Journal of Business Management, 2014, 1-21.

Naman, J.L., & Slevin, D.P. (1993). Entrepreneurship and the concept of fit: A model and empirical tests. Strategic Management Journal, 14, 137–153.

Norman, R.S., & John, B.M. (1983).Type of entrepreneur, type of firm, and managerial motivation: Implications for organizational life cycle theory. Strategic Management Journal, 4(4), 325-340

Ogundele, O.J.K. (2007) Introduction to entrepreneurship development, corporate governance and small business management. Lagos: Molofin Nominees.

Okeyo, W.O., Gathungu, J.M., & K'Obonyo, P. (2016). Entrepreneurial orientation, business development services, business environment and performance: A critical literature review. European Scientific Journal, 2016, 188-218.

Okpara, J.O. (2009). Entrepreneurial orientation and export performance: Evidence from an emerging economy. International Review of Business Research Papers, 5(6), 195-211.

Olagunju, Y.A. (2008). Entrepreneurship and small scale business enterprises development in Nigeria. Ibadan: University Press Plc.

Pallant, J. (2010). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS (4th eds.). Australia: Allen and Unwin Book Publishers.

Pirich, A. (2001). An interface between entrepreneurship and innovation: New Zealand SMEs perspective. Paper prepared for the 2001 DRUID Conference, Aalborg, Denmark.

Prabin, R.G. (2016). Entrepreneurial orientation and business performance of handicraft industry: A study of Nepalese handicraft enterprises. International Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship Research, 4(2), 48-63.

Rahim, A.G. (2017). Women and youth entrepreneurship. In small business management and entrepreneurship development in Nigeria: Challenges and prospect. Northwest University Kano (In Press).

Rauch, A., Johan, W., Michael, F., & Lumpkin, G.T. (2004), Entrepreneurial orientation and business performance: Cumulative empirical evidence, Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, 164-177.

Rauch, A., Wiklund, J., Frese, M., & Lumpkin, G.T. (2009). Entrepreneurial orientation and business performance: An assessment of past research and suggestions for the future. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 761-786.

Sambamurthy, V., Bharadwaj, A., & Grover, V. (2003). Shaping agility through digital options: reconceptualizing the role of information technology in contemporary firms. Minformation systems Quarterly, 27(2), 237-263.

Sandeep, V., & Harpreet, S.B. (2012). Relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and business performance. The IUP Journal of Business Strategy, 16-31.

Sascham, K., Coen, R., Mathew, H., & Vincent, H. (2012). Entrepreneurial orientation and the business performance of SMEs: A quantitative study from the Netherlands. Review of Management Sciences, 6, 161–182

Schumpeter, J.A. (1934). The theory of economic development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press:

Schumpeter, J.A. (1951). The theory of economic development. New York: Oxford University Press.

Shane, S. (2003). A general theory of entrepreneurship: The individual-opportunity nexus. New York: Springler Verlag.

Shelton, K., & Darling, J.R. (2001). Entrepreneurship in the quantum age: A new set of skills to enhance organizational development. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 7(1), 45-59.

Small and Medium Scale Enterprises Development Agency of Nigeria (2013). Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Nigeria. Retrieved November 27, 2017, from http://www.smedan.gov.ng/

Smith, N.R. (1967). The entrepreneur and his firm: The relationship between type of man and type of company. Bureau of business and economic research, 10(9), 1.

Soininen, J. (2013). Entrepreneurial orientation in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises during economic crisis. LUT Yliopistopaino, 2013, 1-190.

Stam, W., Souren, A., & Elfring, T. (2013). Social capital of entrepreneurs and small firm performance : A meta-analysis of contextual and methodological moderators. Journal of Business Venturing, 4-22.

Stevenson, H.H., & Jarillo, J.C. (1990). A paradigm of entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurial management. Strategic Management Journal, 11(5), 17-27.

Sulaimon, A. A., Rahim, G.A., Akintunde, O. A., & Ajiroba, T. (2015). An investigation of socio-economic effect of unemployment on Nigeria economy: A study of Bariga Local Government Area in Lagos State. Nigerian Journal of Management Studies, 14(1), 29-40.

Taiwo, A., Ayodeji, A. & Yusuf, A. (2012). Impact of Small and Medium Enterprises on economic growth and development. American Journal of Business and Management, 1(1),18-22.

Thurik, R., & Wennekers, S. (2001). A note on entrepreneurship, small business and economic growth. Rotterdam: Erasmus Research Institute of Management Report Series.

United Nations Industrial Development Organizations-UNIDO (2017). UNIDO: 80% of small businesses fail in Nigeria. Retrieved November 27, 2017https://www.financialwatchngr.com/2017/05/25/unido-80-small-businesses-fail-nigeria/

Van Praag, M., & Versloot, P. (2007). What is the value of entrepreneurship? A review of recent research. Small Business Economics, 29, 351-382.

Vanessa, N.S.A.V., Amalia, S., & Flavio, S.B. (2016). The relations between entrepreneurial orientation, organizational learning and organizational performance of small enterprises. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 1(2), 1-14

Wales, W.J., & Gupta, V.K.T. (2011). Empirical research on entrepreneurial orientation: An assessment and suggestions for future research. International Small Business Journal, 357-383.

Walter, A., Auer, M., & Ritter, T. (2006). The impact of network capabilities and entrepreneurial orientation on university spin-off performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 21, 541-567.

Wiklund, J.(1999). The sustainability of the entrepreneurial orientation-performance relationship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 24, 37–48.

Wiklund, J., & Shepherd, D. (2003). Knowledge-based resources, entrepreneurial orientation, and the performance of small and medium sized businesses. Strategic Management Journal, 24, 1307-1314.

Wu, D., & Zhao, F. (2009). Performance measurement in the SMEs in the information technology industry. In F. Zhao, Information technology entrepreneurship (pp. 79-99). Hershey, USA: Idea Group.

Yang, C.W. (2008). The relationships among leadership styles, entrepreneurial orientation and business performance. Management Global Transport. 6(3), 257-275.

Yu-Ming, Z. Wan-Qin, S., Sang-Bing, T., Zhen, W., Yu, Z., & Quan, C. (2018). An empirical study on entrepreneurial orientation, absorptive capacity, and SMEs’ innovation performance: A Sustainable Perspective. Sustainability, 10(314), 1-14

Zahra, S., Sapienza, H., & Davidsson, P. (2006). Entrepreneurship and dynamic Capabilities: A review, model and research agenda. Journal of Management Studies, 43, 917-955.

Downloads

Published

31.05.2019